TY - JOUR
T1 - Thirty years of cancer nanomedicine
T2 - Success, frustration, and hope
AU - Salvioni, Lucia
AU - Rizzuto, Maria Antonietta
AU - Bertolini, Jessica Armida
AU - Pandolfi, Laura
AU - Colombo, Miriam
AU - Prosperi, Davide
PY - 2019/12
Y1 - 2019/12
N2 - Starting with the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect discovery, nanomedicine has gained a crucial role in cancer treatment. The advances in the field have led to the approval of nanodrugs with improved safety profile and still inspire the ongoing investigations. However, several restrictions, such as high manufacturing costs, technical challenges, and effectiveness below expectations, raised skeptical opinions within the scientific community about the clinical relevance of nanomedicine. In this review, we aim to give an overall vision of the current hurdles encountered by nanotherapeutics along with their design, development, and translation, and we offer a prospective view on possible strategies to overcome such limitations.
AB - Starting with the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect discovery, nanomedicine has gained a crucial role in cancer treatment. The advances in the field have led to the approval of nanodrugs with improved safety profile and still inspire the ongoing investigations. However, several restrictions, such as high manufacturing costs, technical challenges, and effectiveness below expectations, raised skeptical opinions within the scientific community about the clinical relevance of nanomedicine. In this review, we aim to give an overall vision of the current hurdles encountered by nanotherapeutics along with their design, development, and translation, and we offer a prospective view on possible strategies to overcome such limitations.
KW - Cancer nanomedicine
KW - Clinical translation
KW - EPR effect
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Nano–bio interactions
KW - Tumor microenvironment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075680438&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85075680438&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/cancers11121855
DO - 10.3390/cancers11121855
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85075680438
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 11
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
IS - 12
M1 - 1855
ER -