Il malato oncologico: Modelli di intervento ed evidenze sperimentali

Despite the improved prognosis connected with modern treatments, the experience of neoplastic diseases is potentially highly destructurizing in personal and relational terms. At the same time, the growing sphere of cancers which can be cured or allow lengthy survival has extended the scope of the psychosocial problems involved. The Authors consider the main methods of intervention reported in the literature, which can be divided into directive and non directive techniques. The aim of the various psychological interventions is to reduce the intensity of psychopathological reactions, improve the quality of life, increase communication and clinical information and optimize the patient's adjustment to the illness. Following the bibliographical review, an outline is given of the model proposed by the Psycho-oncology Unit of the Psychiatric Clinic of Milan State University. This model comprises focal psychotherapy for the patient and a supportive type of intervention for relatives, given the importance of the family in the management of cancerous diseases.