Prevalence and clinical correlates of right ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension

Aim Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) has been reported to be a component of cardiac damage in systemic hypertension; this evidence, however, is based on small studies and major determinants of biventricular hypertrophy are still undefined. Thus, the prevalence and clinical correlates of RVH have been investigated in essential hypertension. Methods A total of 330 untreated and treated uncomplicated essential hypertensives consecutively attending a hospital out-patient hypertension clinic were considered for the analysis. All individuals underwent a quantitative echocardiographic examination as well as extensive clinical and laboratory investigations. RVH was defined by an anterior RV wall thickness equal or higher than 3.1/3.0 mm/m ² in men and women, respectively, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by LV mass index equal or higher than 51/47g/m ^2.7 in men and women, respectively. Results Overall, 114 (34.5%) patients fulfilled the criteria for LVH and 111 (33.6%) for RVH; normal cardiac morphology was observed in 164 patients (49.6%), isolated RVH in 52 (15.7%), isolated LVH in 55 (16.6%) and bi-ventricular hypertrophy in 59 (17.8%). In a logistic regression analysis, modifiable risk factors such as abdominal obesity (OR 3.41, Cl 1.73-6.74, P= 0.0004), LV mid-wall fractional shortening (OR 2.48, CI 1.26-4.85, P= 0.008), fasting blood glucose (OR 2.47, CI 1.25-4.89, P= 0.009) and systolic blood pressure (OR 2.39, CI 1.19-4.82, P= 0.014) were the major independent correlates of biventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion RVH is commonly found in systemic hypertension and is associated with LVH (i.e., biventricular hypertrophy) in approximately one-fifth of the patients seen in a specialist setting. The clinical correlates of biventricular hypertrophy suggest that this phenotype is associated with a profile of very high cardiovascular risk.