Olive oil, corn oil, and n - 3 fatty acids differently affect lipids, lipoproteins, platelets, and Superoxide formation in type II hypercholesterolemia

To evaluate which dietary fat may provide the best response in terms of plasma lipids and lipoproteins and also of platelet aggregability and superoxide formation by white blood cells, 12 type II patients were randomly allocated to three different diets, which provided polyunsaturated fatty acids (corn oil), monounsaturated fatty acids (olive oil), and a supplementation of ethyl esters of n-3 fatty acids to a prudent diet. Olive oil and, more significantly, n-3 ethyl esters lowered total cholesterol best (-2.2% and -5.8%. respectively); the latter diet, as expected, also significantly lowered triglyceridemia (-21.4%). The corn-oil diet exerted a small, statistically significant reduction of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (-4.3%), and it also lowered plasma total apo B concentrations (-3.8%). n-3 ethyl esters significantly raised both total (+3.1%) and particularly HDL₂ cholesterol (+24%). Platelet reactivity was insignificantly reduced by the three regimens, but all three significantly reduced thrombin-stimulated formation of thromboxane B₂. Finally, only the n-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduced O₂ ^- generation by adherent monocytes. Dietary unsaturated fatty acids are generally effective on the plasma lipid and lipoproteins in type II patients, but significant differences may be found between the three tested regimens.