Matrix metalloproteases MMP-2 and MMP-9: Are they early biomarkers of bone remodelling and healing after arthroscopic acromioplasty?

Arthroscopic acromioplasty, one of the most frequent procedures in shoulder surgery, can promote tissue healing process by the release of growth/angiogenic factors from the acromion. Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 are involved in such process. The purpose of this study was to measure MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in the articular fluid and in the peripheral blood of patients undergoing arthroscopic acromioplasty in order to better understand the local involvement of such factors in the healing process after surgical procedures. Concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the subacromial space and peripheral blood collected shortly after surgery were determined by ELISA. MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations were measured in the subacromial fluid of 23 patients. In subacromial fluid, the levels between MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not reach statistical significance (127.15 ± 45.56 vs 149.41 ± 53.61 pg/ml, respectively, p > 0.05). Peripheral blood levels of MMP-2 (130.75 ± 47.48 pg/ml) were comparable to the subacromial fluid ones (127.15 ± 45.56 pg/ml) whereas MMP-9 level was higher in the subacromial space (149.41 ± 53.61 pg/ml) than in the peripheral blood (67.61 ± 12.62 pg/ml, p <0.001). This work suggests that the measurement of bone specific MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9) can be an useful tool to be monitored in parallel with growth factor levels and other bone turnover markers in order to evaluate the bone remodelling and tissue healing processes. This study suggests that the measurement of bone specific MMPs levels, in particular MMP-9, may evaluate the bone remodelling and healing after arthroscopic shoulder acromioplasty.