Intraoperative endoscopy in the evaluation of digestive anastomoses

The clinical use of intraoperative endoscopy intra-operative endoscopy dates back to the 1970s. It was initially applied as a useful tool during colorectal surgery in order to perform together with the diagnosis and localization of colon disease by intraoperative endoscopy. Later it has also been used to detect a previously recorded lesion to help the surgeon locate the exact area of operative interest. Therefore, since endoscopic intraoperative anastomotic testing allows direct visualization of anastomosis, complication rates may be theoretically reduced by the use of this technique especially in the era of laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Nowadays the use of intraoperative endoscopy is a widespread procedure usually required to perform surgical anastomosis of upper and lower GI tract. The reason and related clinical benefits are already proved. Therefore, all kinds of laparoscopic surgical procedure needed to anastomosis should be performed under endoscopic control and helping.