TY - JOUR
T1 - Human bocaviruses
T2 - Possible etiologic role in respiratory infection
AU - Broccolo, Francesco
AU - Falcone, Valeria
AU - Esposito, Susanna
AU - Toniolo, Antonio
PY - 2015/11/1
Y1 - 2015/11/1
N2 - Four species of human bocaviruses (HBoV) are currently included in the Bocavirus genus. There is satisfactory evidence demonstrating an association between HBoV1 and respiratory disease in children, and there is evidence that HBoV2 (and possibly the HBoV3 and HBoV4 species) are associated with gastroenteritis. In particular, HBoV1 has been associated with a prolonged period of persistence in the mucosa of the respiratory tract. Virus persistence does play a role in the high frequency of co-infections with proper pathogens of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The high detection rate of multiple respiratory viruses in up to 83% of respiratory specimens and the presence of asymptomatic HBoV1 infections complicate the elucidation of the pathogenic role of the agent. Overall, a large amount of data are available concerning HBoV1, whereas little information is available about other bocavirus species. High viral loads are often associated with symptoms, and viremia may be associated with systemic manifestations such as encephalopathy. The effects and mechanisms of latency, persistence, reactivation, and reinfection are poorly understood. Thus, particularly in co-infections, the pathogenic contribution of the detected bocavirus species cannot be accurately stated. This review summarizes the current knowledge of HBoV species and provides perspectives for future clinical studies.
AB - Four species of human bocaviruses (HBoV) are currently included in the Bocavirus genus. There is satisfactory evidence demonstrating an association between HBoV1 and respiratory disease in children, and there is evidence that HBoV2 (and possibly the HBoV3 and HBoV4 species) are associated with gastroenteritis. In particular, HBoV1 has been associated with a prolonged period of persistence in the mucosa of the respiratory tract. Virus persistence does play a role in the high frequency of co-infections with proper pathogens of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The high detection rate of multiple respiratory viruses in up to 83% of respiratory specimens and the presence of asymptomatic HBoV1 infections complicate the elucidation of the pathogenic role of the agent. Overall, a large amount of data are available concerning HBoV1, whereas little information is available about other bocavirus species. High viral loads are often associated with symptoms, and viremia may be associated with systemic manifestations such as encephalopathy. The effects and mechanisms of latency, persistence, reactivation, and reinfection are poorly understood. Thus, particularly in co-infections, the pathogenic contribution of the detected bocavirus species cannot be accurately stated. This review summarizes the current knowledge of HBoV species and provides perspectives for future clinical studies.
KW - Bocavirus
KW - Enteric virus
KW - Pathogenic role
KW - Persistent infection
KW - Respiratory virus
KW - Systemic manifestations
KW - Viral load
KW - Viremia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84946410022&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84946410022&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.09.008
DO - 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.09.008
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84946410022
SN - 1386-6532
VL - 72
SP - 75
EP - 81
JO - Journal of Clinical Virology
JF - Journal of Clinical Virology
ER -