Extracorporeal lung perfusion and ventilation to improve donor lung function and increase the number of organs available for transplantation

Introduction: Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has been validated as a valuable technique to increase the pool of organs available for lung transplantation. Material and Methods: After a preclinical experience, we obtained permission from the Ethics Committee of our institution to transplant lungs after EVLP reconditioning. ABO compatibility, size match, and donor arterial oxygen pressure (PaO₂)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO ₂) ≤ 300 mm Hg were considered to be inclusion criteria, whereas the presence of chest trauma and lung contusion, evidence of gastric content aspiration, pneumonia, sepsis, or systemic disease were exclusion criteria. We only considered subjects on an extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) bridge to transplantation with rapid functional deterioration. Using Steen solution with packed red blood cells oxygenated with 21% O₂, 5% to 7% CO₂ was delivered, targeted with a blood flow of approximately 40% predicted cardiac output. Once normothermic, the lungs were ventilated with a tidal volume of 7 mL/kg a PEEP of 5 cmH₂O and a respiratory rate of 7 bpm. Lungs were considered to be suitable for transplantation if well oxygenated [P(v-a) O₂ > 350 mm Hg on FiO₂ 100%], in the absence of deterioration of pulmonary vascular resistance and lung mechanics over the perfusion time. Results: From March to September 2011, six lung transplantations were performed, including two with EVLP. The functional outcomes were similar between groups: at T72 posttransplantation, the median PaO₂/FiO₂ were 306 mm Hg (range, 282 to 331 mm Hg) and 323 mm Hg (range, 270 to 396 mm Hg) (P = 1, EVLP versus conventional). Intensive care unit ICU and hospital length of stay were similar (P =.533 and P =.663, respectively) with no mortality at 60 days in both groups. EVLP donors were older (49 ± 6 y versus 21 ± 7 y, P