EBUS-TBNA in mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathies and/or masses: An Italian case series

Introduction: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is an established method to diagnose hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathies and/or masses. Real-time endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a method that involves TBNA, and has been shown to increase the diagnostic yield in this context. Objectives: A descriptive study has been conducted to test real-time EBUS in the diagnosis of hilar-mediastinal lymphadenopathies/masses with a shorter diameter less then 2.5cm or with a previous negative 'blind' TBNA. Methods: Consecutive patients referred for EBUS-TBNA of hilar/mediastinal lymph nodes were included in the study, when a node or mass was detected on a chest computed tomography scan. The primary end point was the number of successful biopsy specimens. Lymph node stations were classified according to the American Thoracic Society scheme. Results: Ninety-four patients (66 males, 28 females) of mean age 62years (range: 17-86) underwent EBUS-TBNA: EBUS-TBNA could be performed in all patients. The procedure was diagnostic in 80 patients (89.4%); positive samples were 73 (52 lung cancer, 18 sarcoidosis and 3 tuberculosis), negative samples were 17, inadequate specimens were obtained in four patients (4.25%) and surgically proven false negative results were found in six cases (6.38%). Biopsy specimens were taken from lymph nodes in region 2L (1 case), 2R (5 cases), 4R (20 cases), 4L (7 cases), 7 (47 cases), 10R (9 cases), 10L (2 cases), 11R (6 cases) and 11L (3 cases). Sensitivity was 92.4%, and specificity was 100%. No complications occurred. Conclusions: EBUS-TBNA is a safe and reliable method for sampling mediastinal lymph nodes.