Combined regimen of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and α-2b interferon in the treatment of advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma: A phase II multicenter trial of the Italian Group on Rare Tumors (GITR) and the Italian Lung Cancer Task Force (FONICAP)

BACKGROUND. The cisplatin-doxorubicin combination has shown moderate activity in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM; objective response, 25%), and preclinical studies suggest that interferons (IFNs) may have an antiproliferative effect on mesothelioma cell lines with a marked increase in cisplatin cytotoxicity. Therefore, the combined chemoimmunotherapy regimen is an worthwhile approach to evaluate in a Phase II trial. METHODS. From December 1995 to June 1999, 37 previously untreated patients with MPM were treated with cisplatin 60 mg/m² intravenously on Day 1 plus doxorubicin 60 mg/m², recycled every 3-4 weeks and IFN-α-2b, 3 × 10⁶ international units subcutaneously 3 times a week for a total of 6 courses or until progression. Inclusion criteria were histologic diagnosis of MPM and measurable disease defined by computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS. Thirty-four patients were assessable for toxicity and 35 for efficacy according to World Health Organization criteria. One hundred thirty-five courses were administered with a median of 4 cycles per patients. Seventy-six percent of patient presented at least 1 episode of severe myelosuppresion (Grade 3 and 4). Severe anemia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 30% and 24% of patients, respectively. Sixty percent of patients presented constitutional symptoms. In the 35 patients assessable for response, the overall response rate was 29% (95% confidence interval, 15-47%). The median duration of response was 8.4 months. With a median follow-up of 19.6 months, the median survival was 9.3 months. One- and 2-year survival was 45% and 34%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. This combined regimen has definite activity in MPM. However, toxicity, particularly myelosuppression and fatigue, is not negligible and may limit its application.