Association of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir Plasma Trough Concentrations with Patient-, Treatment-, and Disease-Related Factors Among HIV/HCV-Coinfected Persons

Background: Sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir achieves high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR), with no differences according to HIV serostatus. However, only limited information is available on the pharmacokinetic variability of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify patient-, treatment-, and disease-related factors that are significantly associated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir plasma trough concentrations (C_trough), including liver and renal function, among HIV/HCV-coinfected persons. Methods: In this observational cohort pilot study, HIV/HCV-coinfected patients undergoing sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir treatment were prospectively enrolled. Biochemical and viro-immunological parameters were assessed at baseline, week 4 (W4), end of treatment (EOT), and after EOT. The FIB-4 score and CKD-EPI equation were used to estimate liver disease and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), respectively. For sofosbuvir, sofosbuvir metabolite (GS-331007), and daclatasvir, C_trough was measured at W4 and week 8 (W8), and the mean of the values at those two time points (mean-C_trough) was calculated. The Mann–Whitney test and Spearman’s rank correlation were used to evaluate the correlations between the mean-C_trough of each direct-acting antiviral (DAA) and the considered variables. Results: Thirty-five patients were included (SVR 94%). An increased GS-331007 mean-C_trough was significantly correlated with a decreased eGFR at W4 (rho = −0.36; p = 0.037) and EOT (rho = −0.34; p = 0.048). There was a significant correlation between daclatasvir mean-C_trough and FIB-4 at all time points: baseline (rho = −0.35; p = 0.037), W4 (rho = −0.44; p = 0.008), EOT (rho = −0.40; p = 0.023), and after EOT (rho = −0.39; p = 0.028). Conclusions: In HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in a real-world setting, exposure to a high GS-331007 C_trough was associated with a slight decrease in renal function, while advanced hepatic impairment was significantly associated with a lower daclatasvir C_trough. Though the clinical and therapeutic relevance of these findings may be limited, increasing clinicians’ knowledge regarding DAA exposure in difficult-to-treat patients could be relevant in single cases, and further investigations are warranted.