Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of dietary phenolics isolated from Corchorus olitorius and Vitis vinifera

The anti-inflammatory effect of two main components in the aqueous ethanol extract of both Corchorus olitorius (Co) and Vitis vinifera (Vv), namely quercetin 3-O-β-D-⁴C₁ galactoside and quercetin 3-O-β-D-⁴C₁ glucuronide, respectively, were investigated. The major components were isolated and their structures elucidated. It was observed that the two extracts decreased carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema in inflammatory exudates with histopathological changes, decreased density of TNF-α immunoreactive cells, inhibited vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and increased nitric oxide production in the rat air pouch. Biochemical assays showed that extracts of both plants restored reduced glutathione level and increased superoxide dismutase activity and both were active against COX-I and COX-II enzymes inhibition. The isolated compounds inhibited COX-I and had doubled inhibition percentage effect on COX-II enzymes, as confirmed by in silico docking studies. These extracts also showed activity against metastatic melanoma, leukemia and osteosarcoma cell lines.